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Knowledge Empowers |
| Dental Amalgam | ||
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Dental amalgam is the silver-colored material used to fill teeth with cavities. Dental amalgam is made of two parts. The first part is a powder containing tin, silver, copper, zinc and other metals, and the second part is liquid mercury.
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| Mercury Excretion in Children | ||
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Environ Health Perspect. 2007 October; 115(10): 1527–1531.
Published online 2007 June 28. doi: 10.1289/ehp.10249.
Copyright This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original DOI.
Research
Children's Health
The Contribution of Dental Amalgam to Urinary Mercury Excretion in Children
1 Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
2 Department of Oral Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
3 Department of Dental Public Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
4 Faculdade de Medicina Dentaria, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
Address correspondence to J.S. Woods, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Suite 100, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Telephone: (206) 685-3443. Fax: (206) 685-4696. E-mail: jwoods@u.washington.edu Received March 9, 2007; Accepted June 28, 2007.
Background. Urinary mercury concentrations are widely used as a measure of mercury exposure from dental amalgam fillings. No studies have evaluated the relationship of these measures in a longitudinal context in children. Objective. We evaluated urinary mercury in children 8–18 years of age in relation to number of amalgam surfaces and time since placement over a 7-year course of amalgam treatment. Methods. Five hundred seven children, 8–10 years of age at baseline, participated in a clinical trial to evaluate the neurobehavioral effects of dental amalgam in children. Subjects were randomized to either dental amalgam or resin composite treatments. Urinary mercury and creatinine concentrations were measured at baseline and annually on all participants. Results. Treatment groups were comparable in baseline urinary mercury concentration (~ 1.5 μg/L). Mean urinary mercury concentrations in the amalgam group increased to a peak of ~ 3.2 μg/L at year 2 and then declined to baseline levels by year 7 of follow-up. There was a strong, positive association between urinary mercury and both number of amalgam surfaces and time since placement. Girls had significantly higher mean urinary mercury concentrations than boys throughout the course of amalgam treatment. There were no differences by race in urinary mercury concentration associated with amalgam exposure. Conclusions. Urinary mercury concentrations are highly correlated with both number of amalgam fillings and time since placement in children. Girls excrete significantly higher concentrations of mercury in the urine than boys with comparable treatment, suggesting possible sex-related differences in mercury handling and susceptibility to mercury toxicity. |
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Consumers for dental choice: "Working Toward Mercury-Free Dentistry" International Academy of Oral Medicine and Toxicology (IAOMT) DAMS Inc. (Dental Amalgam Mercury Syndrome) |
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